Preparedness and recovery were not investigated in this work. Once more, the links between information and action have to be weighted. Geography GCSE Flashcard Maker: A SR. 112 Cards – 11 Decks – 1 Learner Sample Decks: Erosion, Transportation, deposition , Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake, L'Aquila Earthquake However, after this quake there were no reports of people being injured, or of damage to buildings. The preliminary interviews carried out with these agents allowed us to widening the set of stakeholders to be involved. Once more, participants should be leaded to described the actual situation, and not how the official protocol is supposed to work. On the one hand, the uninterrupted availability of critical services is a requirement to guarantee the safety and the well-being of a population when a disaster occurs and speeds up the recovery: in this direction, the technical performances of the whole infrastructural system are a key asset to deal effectively with emergencies and contribute to community resilience. The implementation of the Critical Event Analysis, as described in the EDUCEN deliverable on methods and tools, could be useful at this stage of the knowledge elicitation phase. ambiguity analysis. Similarly, the approach based on graph theory was discussed as well, being particularly significant mainly because of the similarities with the approach that has been used to perform the SNA to analyze the network of relationships among actors involved in emergency management activities. drinking water, transportations, communication, etc. However, he did accept donations from the US which went towards rebuilding the infrastructure. There is also a risk of getting a poorly written essay or a Laquila Earthquake Case Study Gcse plagiarized one. as crucial interface between the institutional system and the other members of the community. most of the first responders trust exclusively on information coming through a very hierarchical chain of information sharing, whereas members of the community have access to a multi-center network of information and will prefer information collected through a more “horizontal” network; Analyze the impacts of the topology of the interaction networks, accounting for the different perception of the involved actors, on the effectiveness of the sharing and dissemination of risk information and warnings. Information management and sharing procedures within a responding organization and/or among different organizations might be jeopardized by the need to alter organization structure and roles, procedures and use of information in order to meet the demands of an exceptional event, such as an emergency situation. These actors have access to important pieces of information. If the assignment had given the date of the earthquake, that would have eliminated the problem, but it didn’t. We've got the best prices, check out yourself! representative of the citizens’ associations, etc.) Unlike with other companies, you'll be working directly with your writer without agents or intermediaries, which results in lower prices. Such a network is typically governed by complex structures and dynamical processes, due to the large number of interconnected and interacting components. The analysis of the 2009 experiences allows to draw some preliminary conclusions concerning the main issues that need to be addressed in order to enhance the management of the different phases of the disaster risk reduction: Starting from these preliminary evidences, the activities of the L’Aquila CS have been focused on enhancing the understanding of how cultural aspects, and specifically the organizational culture, affects the effectiveness of the interactions during an emergency among the different actors, institutional and non-institutional, and between these complex community of actors and the main hard infrastructures. A static model of resilience identifies and organizes critical variables, whereas a dynamic model represents how and why such variables change across time and space. Despite the relevant role of “official” public information sharing strategies, transforming the risk information and warning into actions – i.e. L’Aquila case study is pretty unique and relevant also because it allows the comparative analysis of two different networks operating within almost the same urban pattern. The L’Aquila earthquake happened in 2009 on the 6th of April. Besides being useful to describe ordinary operation, it is worth considering that techniques based on graph theory can be adopted to analyze and compare different systems operating in both normal and extreme conditions. It reflects the overall topological similarity of the network to perfect grids or lattice-like structures. Network diameter: captures the maximum eccentricity of nodes in the network. For each of the above mentioned actions, participants will be required to specify what information was used to support its implementation (e.g. The global model of resilience is plotted in the following Fig. To this aim, ‘training level’ plays also a crucial role as well as ‘concern and cooperation’ attitude. On the one hand, they were used to detect and analyze the differences among the decision actors concerning the perception of the network for the emergency management – i.e. 13 (full details are in Pagano et al. Ing. Informal networks emerge during emergency, as well as during recovery, thus emphasizing the role of community members as responder rather than just victims. The transferability of the methodology was, roughly speaking, successful. There were many aftershocks which seismometers detected for several months after the initial quake. This goal is achieved through the enhancement of information acquisition (e.g. Researching for the case study, you have to be very careful that you have the facts and figures for the 2009 earthquake. Participants were also required to assign a degree of importance to each interaction. More than 7 000 students trust us to do their work 90% of customers place more than 5 orders with us. to reduce the level of risk for the local population – and the actions implemented in order to achieve those objectives. Secondly, the performances of infrastructural systems should be flexible enough to evolve with time, in the aftermath of a disaster and in the recovery phase as well, since the needs of the whole system change according to the specific path of recovery determined by the specific strategies implemented. Stefano PACITTI – Gran Sasso Acqua S.p.A. an underground concrete gallery, in order to protect them from external threats and make them easily accessible and repairable, both in case of disasters and in ordinary operation. In the L’Aquila CS, the storyline approach focused on the disastrous earthquake happened in 2009. New networks emerged after the disasters, showing different cultural aspects. A complete overview of the adoption of Graph Network Theory for the analysis of infrastructures such as water supply systems was proposed by several authors (e.g. The interconnectedness between hard and soft infrastructural systems was further investigated using techniques based on Graph Theory. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! These actors trusted exclusively information flowing from the vertex through intermediary, and easily recognizable, levels. We have the solutions to your Academic problems. Most of the sub-models are mutually interconnected, and can be run and analyzed independently. Finally, the analysis of the activities carried out in the L’Aquila CS allowed to identify important outcomes for the community. Conceptualizing and measuring resilience: A key to disaster loss Reduction.TR NEWS 250. pp. Finally, the CM shows the interaction between this stakeholder and the other agents. Referring to the approach based on graph theory, it is well-established, and with multiple applications in several cases, including also multiple infrastructural systems. They change over time due to different reasons. The Dominican Republic is located to the east of Haiti and covers over half of the island. level of knowledge, available economic resources, water demand (from both population on site and population in shelter camps), level of service/loss of service. Several meetings were held, also with a direct involvement of emergency managers, in order to get feedbacks on the activities performed and to summarize the most important outcomes of the Case Study. This is because they needed to reduce the “noises” in information collection. ‘field surveys’, ‘monitoring and forecasting’, ‘infrastructure monitoring’) and sharing capabilities (e.g. Finally, the adopted methodology allowed the CS to emphasize the role of the community in the emergency management phases, and to make the institutional actors aware of the need to account for the community’s understanding of the emergency situation. Social capital contributes to creating networks. In August 2016, yet another earthquake struck, just 40 kilometres from L’Aquila. Key vulnerability in the network of Lorca flood emergency management. It quantifies network vulnerability against failures. Next figure shows the Agent x Agent network. tanks). Lifelines are thus highly vulnerable elements in emergency condition, but represent also a key resource to support a quick and effective recovery. The impacts of disasters are devastating also from a socio-economic perspective. Average node degree k is a basic measure of node connectivity. To better understand the impact that population dynamics and behaviors might have during emergency conditions on the availability and functionality of critical services. The scheme was built in order to deal separately with the four basic dimensions of resilience. Utilities responsible for the functioning of critical infrastructures (i.e. On 6 April 2009, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck L’Aquila in central Italy, killing 309 people. Sonia Giovinazzi. EDUCEN looks at the local community as one of the most active first responders in case of emergency. citizens were moved to other places, either shelter camps or quasi-permanent settlements). This section of the manual describes how the experiences in the L’Aquila CS can be transferred in other case studies, supporting the dissemination phase. The impacts of the earthquake over the whole province were wide and different, and related to both hard and soft infrastructural systems. Mark Milke. Specifically, the lessons learned from L’Aquila experiences could support emergency managers in overcoming the main barriers hampering the flow of information among institutional and non-institutional actors, and to enhance the cooperative emergency management process. Another crucial lesson learned during the implementation of the EDUCEN project concerns the difficulties in transferring important information to the community during the different phases of the emergency. Once they named them, you should start asking what kind of interactions they had. Moreover, the obtained results demonstrated that the methodology was capable to account for the differences in organizational culture and to analyze how those differences could lead to different management of emergency information.
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